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| Special Centennial Issue |
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No. 409 |
October 2022 |
Vol. CIII (Part-II) |
ISSN: 0019-5170 |
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Contents
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Analysis of Dynamics of Participation of Females in
Labour Force: Case of Rural-Haryana
Sunita1
Kiran Lamba2
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The study examines the association of household characteristics
constituting presence of elders and children and family income
on participation of females in labour force using cross sectional
data of twelve villages of rural-Haryana. Data has been
collected through multistage random sampling. Multinominal
logistic regression has been employed for examination of
association of household features of females with participation
of females in labour force. It has been found that employed
status of females is independent with presence of children (6
years to 10 years), presence of children (10 years to 14 years)
and presence of elders. Furthermore, willingness to work of
females is significantly associated with presence of children (6
years to 10 years). Willingness to work has not been impacted
by presence of children (10 years to 14 years) and presence of
elders. Family income (annual) in categories constitute below
50000, 50001 to 100000, 100001 to 250000 and 250001 to
500000 is significantly associated with employed status of
females and is not a barrier for female labour force
participation. Willingness to work in the situation of
unemployed females is not impacted by family income (annual)
in three categories including family income (below 50000) and
family income (50001 to 100000) and 1000000 and above.
Concrete finding is that willingness to work of unemployed
females is determined by family income (100001 to 250000).
Keywords: Association, Household characteristics, Crosssectional
data, Multi-stage random sampling, Multinominal
logistic regression.
- Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Bhaghat Phool Singh Mahila
Vishwavidyalaya, Sonipat, Haryana, Email: Sunitakhatri973@gmail.com
- Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Bhaghat Phool Singh Mahila
Vishwavidyalaya, Sonipat, Haryana, Email: KIRAN.LAMBA6@gmail.com
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Deterioration of the Environmental Quality in India:
A Role of Urbanisation
Prasenjit Ghosh1
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The word ‘urbanisation’ is the synonym of the magnification
of the urban population. It has been playing a supportive
role to elevate the process of development but the increasing
trend of urban population may decay the quality of the
environment. The uncontrolled process of urbanisation
provides job opportunities to the rural people; who have
been migrated to the urban area and it may have some
positive impact on the financial condition of the whole
economy. Job with adequate salary encourages people to
upgrade their living standards by purchasing or accessing
motor vehicles to make smooth communication and the
outcome is increasing demand for vehicles. An increasing
number of motor vehicles may be a determining factor
behind environmental degradation. Keeping in view the
linkage effect present study focuses on the relationship
between the trend of urban population and income of the
people and then the study attempts to examine the link
between financial status of the people and the number of
registered motor vehicles. Finally, the study analyses the
relationship between vehicle population and emission of
carbon dioxide as an indicator of environmental quality in
India. Econometric methods like ADF (Augmented Dickey-
Fuller) and Granger Causality Test have been used to
analyse and make an appropriate decision about the
relationship between urbanisation and environmental
quality. The study concludes that the upward trend of the
urban population significantly influences the financial
condition of the people and there is a positive impact of the
financial condition of the people on the registration of motor
vehicles. After analysing the available secondary data,
finally, the present study conveys that vehicle population and the emission of carbon dioxide has been associated
noteworthy. Urbanisation has been considerably influencing
the environmental quality in India from 1991 to 2019. In this
regard, it is very crucial to take various steps to curb the
emission of pollutants in the air to improve environmental
quality.
Keywords: Urbanisation, Income, Motor Vehicle, Environmental Degradation.
JEL Classification Code: O18, C22, C87, Q52
- Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Jogamaya Devi College, University of
Calcutta, West Bengal, Kolkata- 700 026, Email: prasen54@gmail.com
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Changing Competitiveness of India in World Market:
Evidence from Revealed Comparative Advantage
Suadat Hussain Wani1
Shahid Hamid Raina2
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Liberalization around the world from last couple of decades
has led to an increase in the trade between different
countries. Many factors like common language, culture,
tradition and comparative advantage have contributed to
rapid growth of trade around the World. Like other
countries, India has taken many steps to improve trade
relations with other countries of the world. However due to
Covid-19 and disruption in world trade from last two years,
PM Modi has called for Atmanirbhar or self-reliance for
domestic consumption and subsequently to supply for the
world market also. Keeping the call of Atmanirbhar or
production for world market in view, it is necessary to look
at product groups in which India enjoys the comparative
advantage from last many years. The present study aims to
analyze comparative advantage of India in various product
groups from 2001 at HS 2digit classification so that it is
clear in which product groups the Country enjoys
comparative advantage in world market. In addition, those
product groups in which the Country has gained or lost
comparative advantage with respect to world from last many
years are examined so that appropriate trade policy can be
formulated to make call for Atmanirbhar a success. Besides,
the study examines determinants of export competativeness
of product groups in which India enjoys comparative
advantage with respect to world. The results indicate that
though the country lost comparative advantage in 10 sectors
during the analysis period, at the same time, gained
advantage in 11 sectors which is a healthy sign for the economic development of the country. The results further
indicate that mobile subscription, which is a proxy for
telecommunication aspect of infrastructure, is positively
contributing to competitiveness of India with respect to
world.
Keywords : Trade relations, Comparative advantage, Trade
competitiveness, World Market.
JEL Codes: F0., F1., F14
- Ph.D., scholar. Centre of Centre Asian studies, University of Kashmir Hazartbal Srinagar
(190006).
Email: Suadat.scholar@kashmiruniversity.net
- Assistant Professor, Dept. of Economics, Central University of Kashmir.
Email: rainashahid7@gmail.com
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Optimum Portfolio Selection Over the Period 2016-2021
Under South Korea - An Empirical Analysis
Amit Kundu1
Shubham Sah2
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Selection of optimal portfolio is one of the major desires of
investors, who would like to invest their money in the stock
market. Constructing the portfolio consisting of securities
and their weights in such a way that the expected return
could be maximized and the risk associated with it could be
minimized. Fifteen companies from Korean Stock Market
have been taken for the analysis and standard deviation has
been used as measure for risk. It is found that portfolio- 7 is
optimum with the maximum sharp ratio i.e. 1.47. The Risk
Averse investors would like to select the portfolio-7 as it
gives the highest expected return among all the portfolios.
The expected return in portfolio- 7 is 29.28 with the risk
19.87. In portfolio – 7 weights given to stocks Samsung
Electronics Co Ltd, SK Hynix Inc, LG Chem Ltd, Naver
Corp, Kakao Corp, Celltrion Inc, and KB Financial Group
are 12%, 31%, 9%, 7%,26%, 9% & 6% respectively. It is
clear in the study that SK Hynix Inc is doing very well in this
time frame, as the weight of the company is highest in the
optimum portfolio.
Keywords : Portfolio, Modern Portfolio Theory, Excel Solver, Expected Return, Risk, Sharp Ratio, Capital Market Line, Efficient Frontier.
- Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma
University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. Email: prof.amitkundu@gmail.com
- Ph. D Scholar, Department of Commerce, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University,
Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. Email: shubhamsah8759@gmail.com
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Do Small and Marginal Farmers Really have
Concern Over Climate Change? Evidence from
Tamil Nadu Farmers
Sha Hussain Yacob Khan1
Sadasivam. K2
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The inevitability of economic and social integration is a
weapon that meets the basic needs of small and marginal
farmers. Over-reliance on agriculture and a lack of
understanding of climate change make farmers' livelihoods,
food security and rural life a tasty treat for climate change.
Moreover, the comparison between agricultural contribution
to GDP and the number of households dependent on
agriculture is negative. Consequently, this situation could
worsen developing economies. Besides, past benefits for
small and marginal farmers (accuracy over prediction) will
be replaced by tomorrow's climate trends. Thus, the first aim
of the study is to understand the problems and look at the
level of perception, and secondly, to visualize influential
socio-economic drivers in understanding climate awareness.
This qualitative research adopts a three-stage sampling
technique for data collection. The gathered information is
analysed using Chi-square and logistic regression model.
The findings reveal that the farmers’ awareness and
perception of climate change are directly or indirectly
unified with the socio-economic drivers. Within the socioeconomic
drivers, the most influential factors include gender
and caste, followed by age, occupation and cost of farming.
Another promising finding of the study is that, the farmers
who have taken up off-farm activities seriously often do not
return to farming and their lands remain barren. Accordingly, the growth cycle requires that extension
measures be promoted to meet the rational expectations and
to improve the vision of the farmers. In terms of societal
aspect, the study suggests for a vigorous requirement for
intensified measures to eradicate inequalities among the
diversified social groups for the attainment of property rights
and social-inclusiveness of the weaker sections.
Subsequently, farmers may not really care about the
changing climate but they do care about agriculture.
Keywords- Climate, Farmers’ insight, Caste, Socialinclusiveness, Livelihood.
- Research Scholar & ICSSR Fellow, Department of Environmental Economics, School of Economics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
E-mail: shahussain496@gmail.com
- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Economics, School of Economics,
Madurai Kamaraj University. Director, Madurai Kamaraj University Evening College,
Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
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Determinants of Household’s Resistance against Land
Acquisition for Irrigation Project
Dolagobinda Kumbhar1
Lopamudra Mishra 2
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The present paper makes an analysis of the effect of
displacement due to the Lower Suktel Irrigation Project
(LSIP) in Bolangir district Odisha. It tries to identify the
causes of resistance on the part of the displace people
against land acquisition for the irrigation project. The
present paper is based on the primary data obtained from
300 households by using open door to door survey from fully
displaced and partially displaced villages. Simple descriptive
statistics, z-statistics including the binary Logit model have
been used to verify the important causes of resistance of
LSIP households in the study area. The analysis includes
variables such as caste, households’ size, total households
income, land loss, and compensation for both land and
house. It is found that households losing large size land,
resistance both in fully and partially displaced.
Keywords : Irrigation Project, Displacement, Binary
Logit Model, Compensation, Land Loss.
- Research Scholar, P.G Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, Burla-768019
Odisha. Email: kumbhr.eco@gmil.com
- Assistant Professor, P.G Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, Burla-768019
Odisha, Email: mlopa@hotmail.com
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Financial Constraints and Investment-Internal Fund
Relationship among Indian Firms in Post Sub Prime
Crisis Era
Abdul Rahim Ansari1
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Objectives: This study examines the sources of investment
financing by listed Indian non-financial firms and the extent of
dependency on internally generated funds (cash flow) to finance
the undertaken projects since sub-prime mortgage crisis in
United States.
Methods: The sample for analysis has been selected from the
BSE-500 listed companies and consists a balanced panel of 359
firms operating in different fields and producing a diverse range
of goods and services. ‘Augmented Sales Accelerator’ model has
been employed and Second Stage Least Squares (2SLS) panel
data regression technique has been used to estimate the model for
three set of firms and for two different time periods.
Findings: The result demonstrates a wide difference between
different categories of firms with respect to sources of investment
financing. Internal funds are extremely crucial for all firms in
generaland smaller firms in particular and dependency is higher
in second period signifying a tightening of market conditions and
difficulty in accessing external funds for investment projectsin
post U.S. subprime crisis era.The finding is robustto two
alternative investment models and for two different time periods.
Application: This study makes use of latest firm data and
advanced panel data regression technique to estimate two
different models which are expected to present the actual trend of
financing patterns of various firm groups and the policy actions
required to remove the hurdles in accessing capital market by
these firms.
Keywords : Investments, 2SLS, Cash Flow, Panel Data, Sales
Accelerator.
JEL Classification: C58, E44, F65, G32.
- Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Hindu College (North Campus),
University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. E-Mail- abdulraheem@hinducollege.ac.in,
aransari@hinducollege.du.ac.in
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Empirical Evidences on the Supply Side Effects of
Monetary Transmission Mechanism in India
N. Kubendran1
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This study aims to test the presence of a supply-side
channel during the monetary transmission mechanism.
The study has applied Structural Vector Autoregression
model to analyze the effect of policy rates on major
macroeconomic variables like inflation, interest rate and
output in India using monthly data from April 2001 to
October 2019. From the empirical findings, the study has
observed that the prices and output fall as soon as there is a
positive monetary policy shock. The study also observed that
the supply side effects associated with the cost channel are
absent in India due to abundant demand-side effects. Finally,
the study has suggested that there is a necessity to remove
bottlenecks in aggregate demand using appropriate fiscal
policy in tandem with the expansionary monetary policy will
boost the GDP growth rate in India.
JEL Classification Code: E31, E43, E51, E52, E58
Keywords: Monetary Policy, Cost Channel, Structural
Vector Autoregression, Inflation, Interest Rate.
- Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Pondicherry Central University, India.
E-mail: kubendran.eco@pondiuni.ac.in
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Analysis of Child Disability and Link with Poverty
Soumyendra Kishore Datta1
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According to a World Bank Report (2011), more than
one billion people or 15% of the world’s population suffer
from a miserable life due to affliction of some form of
disability. Of these people between 110 to 190 million suffer
from significant functional disability. Children are the future
backbone of the society. Child health is to a great extent
determined by the condition of the maternal physical status
at delivery and even by the quality of pre-natal or post-natal
care. This paper supports that child disability emerges more
from income-poor families than that from income-rich
families. Principal component analysis has been applied to
calculate the state specific overall disability index. For this
analysis, state wise different forms of disabilities data have
been collected for the year of 2001 and 2011. In addition,
canonical correlation method has been used to explain the
interrelationships between the lack of adequate expenditure
reflected in poor protection for the health of both mother and
child. Suitable strategies are proposed to mitigate this
problem by axing at the root spreading from poverty.
Keywords: Child Disability, Principal Component,
Cannonical Correlation, Poverty, Goalpost Methods, Per
Capita Net State Domestic Product.
- Professor, Department of Economics, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
E-mail: soumyendra_d@rediffmail.com
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Factors Affecting Food Consumption Patterns
Across Economic Classes in India:
A Demand System Estimation
R. Ahalya1
Sourabh Bikas Paul2
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In this paper, the main research question that has been
addressed is concerned with how the demand for different
categories of food items is affected by income, prices, and
other demographic variables, for different economic classes.
The Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS)
estimation technique is used for the purpose of our study.
The results indicate that the share of consumption
expenditure across households has shifted from cereals and
pulses towards high value food items over the previous two
decades. The results show that the middle and upper class
households are more responsive to price changes, especially
in urban areas. They also indicate that there is greater
market segregation across classes in urban areas, and the
substitutability between staple and high value food items is
higher for middle class and upper class households.
- Ph.D, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Delhi.
- Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Delhi.
Email: ahalyaramanathan@gmail.com
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